by Jessica Moman

by Kari Huske

by Lauren Staley

Lewis, Anthony.  Make No Law: The Sullivan Case and the First Amendment.  New York: Random House, 1991.

Aimed for a scholarly audience, this book explores well known events in terms of their relation with the First Amendment.  It also goes in depth about the meaning of the First Amendment and silencing the press issues.  It explains  specific historical instances and reflects on these occasions.  These reflections draw most of their basis from laws that are already on the books.

O'Neil, Robert M. The First Amendment and Civil Liability.  Bloomington: Indiana , 2001.

O'Neil studied the First Amendment intensely in order to compile civil liability laws. This book fits well with our topic because it addresses issues related to the First Amendment.  This book presents a novel lawsuit that poses issues about the extent to which the news and entertainment media might be held liable for causing injury or harm.  Until recently, commentators basically ignored issues of civil liability, viewing threats to free expression as chiefly the product of governmental action.  By the end of the 1990s the news and entertainment media could no longer be invoked as a secure shield.

Smith, Robert Ellis.  Compilation of State and Federal Privacy Laws.  Washington: Privacy Journal, 1978.

Robert Smith uses his expertise in the field of privacy laws to give insight on this subject.  This book will be beneficial to our research because it gives factual definition of privacy laws for each of the fifty states.  This book has amassed a source of information about confidentiality statutes.  The book's intent is to provide a readable source of information to legislators, interest groups, and ordinary citizens interested in privacy.  This book is also useful because it gives actual cases that are related to First Amendment issues and privacy laws.

Hard-Copy Periodicals:

Bishop, Ed.  “Here.”  The St. Louis Journalism Review, volume 28, issue 199 (1997): 4.

This article suggests that a paparazzi mentality has taken hold of our nation’s media industry.  The media ignores our cultural and political past in favor of a sensationalized present.  Bishop maintains that it is the responsibility of the media to correctly display the condition of our country.  This article will contribute to our project because it proposes that the media skews and exaggerates information for effect. 

Frosh, Paul.  “The Public Eye and the Citizen-Voyeur:  Photography as a Performance of Power.”  Social Semiotics volume 11, no. 1 (April 2001):  43-59. 

This article argues that photography is a manifest performance of the power to make visible, not a medium of communication.  The paper discusses photography in relation to public and private boundaries, and it views the paparazzi as a symbol of the violation of the private.  This paper also explores socials transparency, voyeurism, and demoralization in respect to photographic performance at both public and private levels.  This paper will provide our group with a very interesting view on photography and its demarcation of privacy.

Weaver, R.  “Defamation Law in Turmoil:  The Challenges Presented by the Internet.”  The Journal of Information, Law, and Technology (JILT).  (31 October 2000):  34-37.

This article offers a comparative look at defamation law, as it now stands.  It examines whether the Internet will have a cross-jurisdictional impact, and the article proposes that the Internet will likely loosen speech restrictions.  This article will be helpful to our project because it discusses the widening of the boundaries of defamation law on the Internet, a reflection of the same occurrence in society.

Web-Based Periodicals and Websites:

Goodale, James C., “The First Amendment and Freedom of the Press.” USIA Electronic Journal 2.1 No. 1 (1997): 20 Oct 2004 <http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0297/ijde/goodale.htm>.

Goodale writes this article as a response to the New York Times publication of the then classified Pentagon Papers.  He defends the rights of the press and argues for the freedom of the media.  This argument leads his description and describes several cases in which the first amendment was upheld in favor of the press.  This article will give our website specific examples of cases which defends the First Amendment as opposed to privacy of information.    

Pressman, Steven, “Libel in the United States”.  USINFO.STATE.GOV. US Department of State. 20 Oct 2004. <http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/press/press08.htm>.

Libel and defamation of character are defined in relation to privacy.  The article gives specific court cases in where libel laws were the main issue.  It also gives the history and evolution of these laws and the application to current issues.  This will be helpful to analyze the current and past history of libel laws.

Turner, David L.  “Defamation:  When Careless Words Can Be Costly.”  Findlaw. 1999. Schulten, Ward, & Turner, LLP.  21 October 2004. <http://library.lp.findlaw.com/articles>.

Defamation issues involving celebrities to the same potential problems that could occur within a business organization are analyzed by Turner in this articel.  Turner defines defamation, libel, and slander, and then explains how these laws can be broken in a business context.  He warns business companies to implement policies and procedures to prevent violation of defamation laws.  This article will help our group because it thoroughly defines all aspects of defamation, and it offers a representation of the problem of the defamation of celebrities in an everyday context.

United States. Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives. Hearing on the Protection From Personal Intrusion Act and Privacy Protection Act of 1998.  Washington: GPO, 1999. <http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/judiciary/hju57340.000/hju57340_0.HTM>.

The hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives is on the Protection from Personal Act and Privacy Protection Act of 1998.  It argues as a result to violations of privacy, the balance of the rights of the media and privacy must be considered under the law.  The examples of Princess Diana and Sonny Bono are used to demonstrate the disastrous effects of the blatant violation of privacy.  This will give us the legal argument for the necessity of privacy laws against the paparazzi.